1.
Sero-Diagnosis And Associated Exposure Factors Of Brucelosis Among Trade Animals And Abbatoir Workers
by Madiha Ashraf (2008-VA-43) | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr. Ali Ahmed Sheikh.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Brucellosis mainly infects food animals such as cattle, buffaloes. Brucella abortus is the principal cause of brucellosis in cattle and is shed from the infected animal at or around the time of calving or abortion. Brucellosis is zoonotic disease transmitted to humans both through Brucella abortus and melletensis.
The present study was conducted on 200 animals privately owned and publically owned abattoir. An epidemiological questionnaire focusing on trade animals as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of Brucellosis infection was completed. Serum samples were collected and analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate Test. The serum samples positive for Brucellosis through RBPT further subjected to enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay. The samples of cattle collected from publically owned abattoir are subjected to the RBPT and the result was 18% and privately owned abattoir have an RBPT result of 10% and samples of the buffaloes are subjected to the test of RBPT as an screening test which was respectively 20% and 8%. The samples are further subjected to the iELISA and the results was shown that through ELISA the result was respectively 12% and 4%. While results for the cattle declared the prevelance of brucella infection through indirect ELISA was 8% and 2% at public and private abattoir respectively. The abattoir workers had a high risk to the exposure to the transmission of the disease as it is world widely more zoonotic the workers found positive for the brucellosis at public abattoir through RBPT shown no positive results. While in private abattoir through RBPT there is 6.66% animals were positive. However we concluded the results through indirect ELISA the results found were 66.66% and 15.62% for the butchers and meat sellers respectively at public abattoir.so the butchers are prone to the infection of the brucella antibodies.in comparison with the private abattoir 33.33% was detected in the abattoir cleaner. Through indirect ELISA.
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The data originating from this study was tested thorough Chi square test while Odd ratio was calculated for risk factors. Statistical analysis was done using “SPSS version 20” and probability level <0.05 was considered significantly different. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2387-T] (1).
2.
Detection of Albendazole Resistance in Commonly Found Gastrointestinal Tract Nematodes of Sheep
by Muhammad Naeem (2007-VA-168) | Dr. Syed Saleem Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: CD Corrupted. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2491-T] (1).
3.
Immunotherapeutictrials Of Newcastle Disease In Domestic Pigeons
by Mohsin Hassan (2009-VA-391) | Dr. Saeed Saleem Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Pigeon belongs to the avian family, Columbidae with in the order Columbiformes.
They are strong kept by the humans for variety of purposes such as food, hobby(racing) and
treatment of various diseases. However, pigeons are susceptible to a variety of diseases, but
viral diseases are more common. Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute, highly contagious viral
disease in birds, which can cause high level (up to 100%) mortality in chickens, the most
important natural host of the disease, but it can also affect a wide variety of avian species,
causing severe disease.
This disease is endemic in Pakistan and has a huge impact on the poultry industry.
Besides vaccination if hyper immune yolk is properly harvested and purified it can be used in
field condition for the treatment of infected birds .Therefore this study had been conducted to
check the effectiveness of hyper immune yolk in treatment of experimentally infected
birds.Suitability in usage of hyperimmune yolk in field condition aginst NewCastle
Disease.In order to get the hyper immune yolk 10 eggs from Big Bird hatchery were
collected.Antibody titer against NDV in egg yolk was determined by Haemagglutination
inhibition test HI their titer was 1:512 which was significant for trial.Birds were separated
into five groups A, B, C, D and E. They were challenged with NDV and treated with hyper
immune yolk in different concentration.Group A was given hyper immune yolk first then
after 24 hour NDV was given, Antibody titers at different days were calculated .Geometric
Mean Titer (GMT) values of Heamagglutination Inhibition (HI) test against NDV at day 0,
10, and 22 were log2
`2.23, log2 3.23, and log2 3.18 respectively.Group B hyper immune yolk
and NDV were given simultaneously in group the GMT values of Heamagglutination
Inhibition (HI) test against NDV at day 0, 10, and 22 were log2 log2 2.35, and log2 3.19 an
log2 3.22 respectively.Group C NDV was given first then after 24 hour hyper immune was
Summary
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injected intramuscularly. Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) values of Haemagglutination
Inhibition (HI) test against NDV at day 0, 10, and 22were log2, log2 2.47, and log2 2.99 and
log23.16 respectively.In Group D NDV given first then after signs and symptoms hyper
immune yolk was injected.GMT values of Heamagglutination Inhibition (HI) test against
NDV at day 0, 10, and 22 were log2 2.30 log2 2.83, and log2 3.06 respectively was
calculated.Group E was kept as positive control it was infected with NDV only the GMT
values of Heamagglutination Inhibition (HI) test against NDV at day 0, 10, and 22 were
log22.13 log2 0.00, and log2 0.00 respectively was calculated. The hyper immune yolk
containing 32 units against NewCastle Disease virus was injected in group A and B induced
80% protection.The yolk containing 64 units of antibodies was given in the group C resulted
into 60% protection.Hyper immune yolk consisting 128 units of antibodies injected in the
group D,in which clinical sign and symptoms of disease were shown given 60% protection
against the New Castle Disease. From this experiment it is inferred that usage of 128 units of
antibodies can induce protection against NDV infected birds and 32 and 64 units of HIY can
be used as prophylactic measure. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2532-T] (1).
4.
Infestation Rate And Therapeutics Of Scabies In Cats
by Asma Fatima (2008-VA-247) | Dr. Waseem Yaqub | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Cats are commonly known as friendly companion of man. The cat is domesticated pet animal and has been widely kept as companion. Feline scabies is one of the most common and severe skin diseases of cats, caused by sarcoptic mange. Despite the high prevalence and severity of the disease, many aspects of feline scabies remain poorly understood. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the study on cat scabies is limited in Pakistan.
A total of 214 cats were examined of these 96 (44.9%) were positive for sorcoptic mange it was observed that mange infestation was highest in cats under 1 year and above 2 year of age. Whereas the lowest in 1.5 year of age cats. As regard the sex wise prevalence of mange infestation it was high in female cats than males.
The samples were taken from the suspected cats having some skin problem irrespective of breed, sex or age, from Pet Center UVAS Lahore and Private clinics. After confirmation of the disease by skin scrapping test and identification through morphological standards, 5 ml blood was collected from the jugular vein of cat in a clean test tube containing a few drops of 1% EDTA as anticoagulant. Then these test tubes were labeled with specific number to each blood sample along with date of collection and hematological and serological studies were undertaken on the samples. The cats were divided into two groups (Group A and B) for treatment trial, each group will consist of further 4 groups, each group containing 4 cats and 16 cats in each group. Group A was treated with the Ivermectin 0.04mg/kg BW s/c on every week for consecutive 4 weeks. Group B was treated with Doramectin s/c 0.6mg/kg BW on every week for consecutive 4 weeks. To evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment, skin
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scrapings were collected from each treated cat at 0 day before treatment and at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day post-treatment. But blood samples were analyzed at 0 day, 14th, 28th day, subjected to hematocrit, Hb, counting of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), and differential leukocytes count RFT (blood urea Nitrogen, Creatinine), LFT (ALT, AST, ALP, Total Bilirubin).
Out of 214 the positive cats for the Scabies were 96 so the overall infestation rate was 44.9% in cats. The cat scabies is mostly occur in more than 24month age of cats and on secondly age group was 07-12month. For therapeutic trail 32 cats were brought into clinical trial , each clinical score contains four cats and total 32 cats have been divided into 2 groups viz. Group A(Ivermectin) and Group B(Doramectin). In group A ivermectin 0.4mg/kg B.W S/C weekly for continuous four weeks. In group B Doramectin 0.6mg/kg B.W S/C weekly for continuous four weeks. There was no change in WBCs, significant increase in RBCs, also increase in creatinine, but significant decrease in ALT, ALP, Bilirubin, and BUN. There was no change in AST.
After four weeks of treatment trail ivermectin have better reduction rate of parasite. The ratio of pet animal was very less as compared to stray cats as the stray animal have no barrier to control the spread of disease. The percentage of previously infected and then cured animal or having disease history is less than that of newly infacted cats. This study proposed that the hospital acquired infection were more, the reason may be the contaminated clinical utensils or attendant’s hands. Scabies is the disease which spreads more in those animals which were in grouping as compared to randomly moving cats and very less in individual cats. Scabies is one of the most possible contact diseases. The more the contact more will be the chance of disease occurrence. The number of cats and percentage was very less of primary flea infestation, in the consequence of scabies infection. The fungal infection also existed at the same time of scabies
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infection and there were about 33 cats having fungal infection. As this disease is the cause of anemia, so it may be the one of the great source of bacterial infection as the hair loss is the major sign of this disease, the internal and external bacteria may infect likewise. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2529-T] (1).
